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# BitterSweet

Linked Through Slavery

## Sitemaps

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## Posts

- [Linked by Blood or Circumstance](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/cousins-2/) - A few days before the spring semester was set to begin, I received a telegram-style email from Clarence White: “I love your writings and I think I fit in with it. Call me.” Without even thinking about it, I dropped my syllabi planning and called him. Clarence had just read an essay I published several
- [Uncovering New Bern's Coup of 1898](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/uncovering-new-berns-bloodless-coup-of-1898/) - Editor Update, June 2025: Lee spoke to the Linked Descendants group about the New Bern Coup of 1898 -- please watch the video for more information: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Tkp8ubzT8a7jg7HJ-HPBPkhXnhXtpbLo/view?usp=sharing Editor Update, August 2023: The original title for this post was "Uncovering New Bern's Bloodless Coup of 1898" -- and the word "bloodless" has now been removed, after careful
- [Protecting our Precious History](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/protecting-our-precious-history/) - Breaking news, March 28: “Trump Calls the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History ‘Divisive, Race-centered, Corrosive'” and issued an executive order to “redefine the narratives presented by the Smithsonian” and install board members who share his vision of a “a more traditional celebration of American heritage.” This executive order leaves no doubt that our
- [Repossessions](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/repossessions/) - A group exhibition inspired by the concept of reparations: an effort to repair the devastation caused by slavery for descendants of enslaved African Americans.
- [Unearthing the White Supremacist in the Basement](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/unearthing-the-white-supremacist-in-the-basement/) - Author's great-grandfather loaned gun to James Harrison, a participant in the violent Tensas Parish Outrages in 1878, to suppress Black political participation.
- [Reclaiming a Plantation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/reclaiming-a-plantation/) - Enslaved descendants work to purchase and reclaim former plantations to use as multi-generational and multi-family housing ("villages"), and education centers.
- [“We Would Love to Home Your Basket”](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/we-would-love-to-home-your-basket/) - Beginning in the 1930s, my grandmother collected scores and scores of Native American artifacts: baskets and pots, cradleboards and garments, flutes and blankets. My cousins and I inherited these upon her death in 1982. I have recently decided that they belong back with their tribes and have begun to return them. Some I have sent
- [A Rainbow Family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/a-rainbow-family/) - A Rainbow Family It’s been 20 years since I found my first “linked descendants.” Coming to the Table was not yet born and I’d never heard that phrase. I didn’t even know for certain that Betty and Tommy Williams were descended from people my Uncle Britt Williams enslaved in Harris County, Georgia, but I had
- [Shared Stories: Coming Together, Staying Together](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/shared-stories-coming-together-staying-together/) - Have you wondered what it would be like to discover a shared historical or genetic connection with another person defined by slavery? Or, while researching your ancestry, discover a link to generations of enslavers, men and women enslaved…or both? How would you grapple with this discovery? Would you reach out to this newly found “cousin”?
- [New Book: The Reparations Project](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/new-book-the-reparations-project/) - Fellow BitterSweet participant Sarah Eisner has just published a book, The Reparations Project, with her Reparations Project partner and co-founder, Randy Quarterman. The book is written in alternating chapters by Randy and Sarah, and covers the decades of their lives as they grew up in different parts of the world, and the ways in which their Discover the intertwined histories and life stories of a descendant of enslavers and a descendant of the enslaved in rural Georgia.
- [Labor Exploitation in Antebellum Louisiana:  "Slaves" vs. "Coolies"](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/labor-exploitation-in-antebellum-louisiana-slaves-vs-coolies/) - *CONTENT CAUTION: Racist, dated imagery and vocabulary -- By Yvette Rubio “Besides, all the Chinese are not opium eaters, nor are all negroes dirt eaters.” Theodore Bailly Blanchard, Jr. in his 1854 pamphlet Remarks on the Chinese and Coolies Portrait of Rosa Colon, mother of Theodore Bailly Blanchard Jr. My ancestor Theodore Bailly Blanchard,
- [Unexpected Outbursts](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/spontaneous-eruptions/) - Dedicated to Susan Hutchison, Co-Founder, Coming to the Table Written by Pam Smith and Ann Neel Publication facilitated by Prinny Anderson As all of us in Coming To The Table (CTTT) know, honest communication between blacks and whites has historically been fraught with difficulty. We don’t share the same experiences so we don’t always speak
- [“No One Is Better Than You”](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/no-one-is-better-than-you/) - At 110 years old, Edith Renfrow Smith is a manifestation of her mother's influential words no one is better than you! Book reflects the values of her ancestors
- [DNA Proved that my Great-Great Grandmother was Fathered by her Enslaver](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/dna-proved-that-my-great-great-grandmother-was-fathered-by-her-enslaver/) - DNA showed a California genealogist that her enslaved great great grandmother was impregnated by her white enslaver.
- [A Hairston Conversation: Family Connections, and Guidance for Researchers & Writers](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/a-hairston-conversation-family-connections-and-guidance-for-researchers-writers/) - On May 5, 2024 Henry Wiencek, author of The Hairstons: An American Family in Black and White (1999), joined members of the large and extended Hairston clan: Dean Hairston, a family historian whose ancestors were enslaved on the Cooleemee, Oak Hill, and Chatmoss Plantations in North Carolina; Edward Hairston, whose enslaved ancestors lived and worked
- [Linked Through Stories and History](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/linked-through-stories-and-history/) - Today is Giving Tuesday, the day when we turn our focus away from purchasing and toward giving to work that we care about. We hope you will consider a donation to help continue the work of Coming to the Table and Bittersweet so that we can continue to tell these stories and do the work
- [Brattonsville Experience](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/brattonsville-experience/) - -- Story by Quest Whalen, Class of 2019, Tuskegee University, submitted kindness of Dr. Lisa Bratton, Professor, Tuskegee University Dr. Bratton shared Ms. Whalen’s essay soon after their overnight at Historic Brattonsville on Friday, September 12, and participation in “By the Sweat of Our Brows,” including a gathering of the black and white descendants of
- [Whitney Plantation: What I Want for My Linked Families, Now!](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/whitney-plantation-what-i-want-for-my-linked-families-now/) - Whitney Plantation, the first plantation museum to make the lives of the enslaved community the central focus of the site, to depict the truth of their lives and honor their contributions. This is what I read in the February 26, 2015 New York Times article. A jambalaya of emotions was stirred within me. How exciting,
- [Redrawing A Community - A Washington Descendant's Journey, Part Two](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/redrawing-a-community-a-washington-descendants-journey-part-two-people-the-thompsons/) - Part One of this series is titled "Paper". It explains my family background, and how I was launched on this journey. Many thanks to the members of Bittersweet, for your stories and your support. Part One: https://linkedthroughslavery.com/2015/02/01/redrawing-a-community-a-washington-descendants-journey/ PART TWO - "PEOPLE - THE THOMPSONS" SOLOMON THOMPSON My family sold their plantation, Claymont (or Claymont Court) in
- [Another "Our Black Ancestry" Miracle!](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/another-our-black-ancestry-miracle/) - A couple of weeks ago, Sharon Morgan emailed me to let me know that someone had posted information on her Our Black Ancestry website that linked my slave owning Furman ancestors to the writer’s enslaved ancestors. This was totally out of the blue except that Sharon has been working hard for many years to make these
- [Amazing grace](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/amazing-grace/) - Glenda Menzies, née Strawser (1938-2012) People ask what drew me to write a biography of Lillian Carter, mother of President Jimmy Carter (Lillian Carter: A Compassionate Life, McFarland & Company, 2014) Aside from the obvious—who wouldn’t want to write about the life of America’s sassiest First Mother, who lived compassion as a daily act of
- [Redrawing A Community - A Washington Descendant's Journey](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/redrawing-a-community-a-washington-descendants-journey/) - In 2010, an archive of rare documents passed down in my family for over 250 years arrived at my home in Austin. Reading them I came face to face with my family’s role in both creating democracy and denying freedom. I’m the 5x great-granddaughter of George Washington’s brother John Augustine Washington. Although the President freed
- [Cleaning House](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/cleaning-house/) - 1651 Peter Lely (English artist, 1618-1680) Elizabeth Murray, Lady Tollemache I was never taught that slavery existed in the north. I was taught that it was a southern phenomenon, and this was reinforced by what my maternal grandmother remembered about her family’s past. She knew that before the Civil War, her southern ancestors had owned
- [It's NOT All Greek to Me](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/greek/) - Anthony Anaxagorou, a surprisingly erudite, young scholar, 'schools us' in a broader appreciation of what shapes belief structures we circulate blithely as cultural currency. Watch what he has to say on the evolution of Western thought, here. I feel some pride when I consider the term 'Western Civilization.' I believe this constellation of understanding lifts us from a more primal 'Code
- [Linking through the Internet:  A Miracle](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/linking-through-the-internet-a-miracle/) - My internet connection had been down all day. I was beginning to get very perturbed—for a lot of reasons. One was that author and genealogist Sharon Morgan was going to help me scour the internet to look for possible linked ancestors on my father’s side of the family, a task I thought might be impossible.
- [Coming to the Table Leads in Push for HR 40 Reparations Study](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/pam-smiths-post/) - I am posting for Pam Smith. She says, "Ahhh the woes of not being a techy in a technological world! A few little glitches prevented me from posting this directly to the BitterSweet blog. As an active member of CTTT I consider this space another home." Last week was an historic week for Coming to the
- [Discovering Table Manners](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tribble/) - Thank you for the admonition, Prinny. (See her post, You Discovered a Slave Owner in Your Family Tree? here.) Granted, it was at Race Talks, an ongoing community forum in Portland, Oregon, where I found myself seated beside Des Moines Jazz Hall of Fame inductee, guitarist Frank Tribble. It was an environment in which we
- [You Discovered a Slave Owner in Your Family Tree? What Does That Mean to You?](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/you-discovered-a-slave-owner-in-your-family-tree-what-does-that-mean-to-you/) - Don't make assumptions about how the African American descendants of your white slave-owner ancestor will react to your shared heritage.
- [Looking for Links:  First Steps](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/looking-for-links-first-steps/) - Introduction This is the first of three posts about my initial efforts to identify linked descendants connected to my slave-owning ancestors on my father’s side of the family in South Carolina. These ancestors are Wood Furman (1712 – 1783), Richard Furman (1755 – 1825) and James C. Furman (1809 – 1891). On my mother’s side,
- [Part I:  Facing Slavery and Finding Amanda](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/part-i-facing-slavery-and-finding-amanda/) - This post is the first of three pieces on 1) how I discovered slavery in my heritage, specifically focusing on a woman named Amanda owned by my ancestor Thomas Jackson and his second wife Courtney Robertson; 2) what more that official county records tell us about Amanda’s life of enslavement and release; and 3) how I
- [In Support of African American Family History Research: 27 Actions White Descendants of Enslaver Families Can Take](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/in-support-of-african-american-family-history-research-27-actions-descendants-of-enslaver-families-can-take/) - Developed for the Linked Descendants meeting, May 2022 African American family history and genealogy researchers often find their work made more difficult or blocked altogether by the legacies of slavery and the ways in which their ancestors were dehumanized – no names, no official documents, no census records, and so on. White descendants of enslaver
- [In Support of African American Family History Research: What Can White Enslaver Descendants Do?](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/in-support-of-african-american-family-history-research-what-can-enslaver-descendants-do/) - The Linked Descendants working group gathered in May to learn more about what white descendants of enslaver families can do to support African American researchers. We heard stories from Briayna Cuffe, Jennifer Halsey, Patricia Lowther, Melodye Robinson, and Jerrie Stewart about their research experiences, obstacles they encountered, and lessons learned. The unedited video can be
- [A Writing Craft Conversation with Dionne Ford, Author of Go Back and Get It](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/a-conversation-with-dionne-ford-author-of-go-back-and-get-it-a-memior-of-race-inheritance-and-intergenerational-healing/) - Go Back and Get It is a compelling story of Dionne Ford's personal journey of healing from loss, addiction, and intergenerational trauma interwoven with the search for her ancestors, Black and white
- [Finding Our Humanity and Joy: A Brief History of Minor Stone](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/finding-our-humanity-and-joy-a-brief-history-of-minor-stone/) - Debra Stone's linked descendant, whose ancestor enslaved one of Debra's g-grandfathers Minor Stone, provided valuable details and helped his history be known.
- [Healing Historic Harms Through Research -- Sharon Leslie Morgan](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/healing-historic-harms-through-research-sharon-leslie-morgan/) - Sharon Leslie Morgan moved to Noxubee County, Mississippi to research her ancestors’ history. Morgan’s great-great-grandmother, Betty Warfe Gavin, was enslaved there, and gave birth to 17 children. The father of all of them was Robert Louis Gavin, a white man and the nephew of her enslaver. “My ancestors came from here and fled,” says Morgan.
- [One Woman’s Complicity](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/one-womans-complicity/) - -- By Frances V. Moulder “I took this photo in 1918, when I was about your age,” my mother said to me when I was eight years old. She showed me a yellowed photo of a very large house, a mansion, in Knoxville, Tennessee. “I took it with a Brownie camera my father had given
- [Only three generations from enslavement, Tulsa native remembers its legacies](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tulsa-by-hilda-boulware/) - Tulsa native and actor Hilda Boulware remembers her formerly enslaved grandfather and shares an excerpt from her memoir and family history, Water My Soul
- [Visiting Sully Plantation, Visiting Family Secrets](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/visiting-sully-plantation-visiting-family-secrets/) - I grew up knowing I was related to Robert E. Lee. He was my first cousin, five times removed. My father spoke of how proud his father had been to be the grandson of a Lee. Another relative wrote a book about our ancestor with very little mention of the family’s enslaved. At the same time, we all knew that slavery was an abomination but we never talked about our part in it. How did we reconcile these opposites from one generation to the next? How much emotional energy did it take to suppress the knowledge of terrible wrong doing? Does this explain our family history of depression and anxiety?
- [Plausible Deniability](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/plausible-deniability/) - Personal reckoning with author's discovery of her enslaver ancestors and slavery's links to higher education in America
- [Calling All Characters](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/calling-all-characters/) - Research & Finding Documents - Novelist Pat Simmons names fictional characters for ancestors; and enslaved and enslaver ancestors are revealed
- [Descendant: The Search for the Clotilda, the Last Slave Ship (2022 Documentary)](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/descendant-the-search-for-the-clotilda-the-last-slave-ship-2022-documentary/) - Slavery & Its Legacies - Summary of the documentary showing lives of descendants of "the last slave ship" sunk in 1860 in Alabama, and discovery of the wreck.
- [From Assumed Thug to Actual Hero: The Time My Dad Was Arrested as a Peaceful Child Demonstrator for Civil Rights](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/from-assumed-thug-to-actual-hero-the-time-my-dad-was-arrested-as-a-peaceful-child-demonstrator-for-civil-rights/) - -- By Dr. Lee Davenport While some people began baking bread and planting gardens during quarantine, I began to uncover the experiences that shaped my parents, grandparents, and other living relatives. Why did I suddenly turn into “Henrietta Louis Gates” (the fun nickname my family gave me as I became the self-appointed family genealogist and
- [Approach Me As You Would A Crime Scene](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/approach-me-as-you-would-a-crime-scene/) - -- By Beverly Bevel This essay explores the difficulties encountered when descendants of slavery broach the elephant in the room. "My ancestors owned your ancestors." I don’t believe there is a list of absolute rules. It’s awkward for everyone. It’s not a casual or celebratory event. It requires thoughtfulness, respect and empathy… My initial experience
- [Healing Histories: Can Enslaver Descendants Tell Their Ancestral Stories Without Causing Further Harm?](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/healing-histories/) - — By Leslie Stainton Not long ago, a colleague suggested I stop writing about my enslaving ancestors because, as he put it, “no one wants to hear the story of the oppressor.” Any oppressor, he meant. This colleague happened to be a white middle-aged man, deeply committed to racial justice and openly apologetic about being
- [Toward the truth of the 1898 Wilmington, N.C. Massacre and Coup d'etat](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/toward-wilmingtons-truth/) - Lucy McCauley only recently learned that her ancestor played a significant part in the violence of the Wilmington, NC, 1898 Massacre and Coup d’état.
- [A Musical Legacy](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/a-musical-legacy-by-charlotte-bocage/) - Charles Leopold Bocage, 1951 My father Charles Joseph Bocage Sr. died when I was almost five years old. We moved from New Orleans to Los Angeles within six months of his death. My mother told me many stories about my father’s family. As I got older, I tried to find out if the stories were
- [Enslaved Ancestors Still for Sale After 167 Years](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/enslaved-ancestors-still-for-sale-after-167-years/) - -- By Patricia Lowther Stamp Show in Wisconsin On Saturday I attended a stamp show with my husband, Kevin, here in Springfield, Virginia. Kevin steered me to the Philatelic dealer who specializes in postcards. An hour’s search yielded one each from Aiken and Edgefield, South Carolina. I looked quickly through a couple of other dealers
- [Visualizing Our Histories, Our Stories: Pat Lowther Uses Oral History to Guide Her Research & Collage Creation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/visualizing-our-histories-our-stories-pat-lowther-uses-oral-history-to-guide-her-research-collage-creation/) - Pat Lowther shares her research journey discovering details about her enslaved family's past, in Edgefield, South Carolina, which she uses to create a meaningful and inspiring collage .
- [BitterSweet ReLaunch!](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/bittersweet-relaunch/) - Dear BitterSweet Readers and Writers: We are pleased to announce the re-launch of BitterSweet: Linked Through Slavery, a blog hosted by the Linked Descendants Working Group and Coming to the Table (CTTT.) Linked descendants have a joint history in slavery–a pairing of a descendant of an enslaved person with a descendant of his or her
- [Cousins](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/cousins/) - I started digging deep into my paternal family history in 2008 in hopes of finding information about my great, great grandmother, Tempy Burton who had been a slave. The search took me from Maryland to Mississippi and introduced me to cousins I didn't know I had. But I never expected to encounter descendants of the
- [Which Enslaver Stories Should Be Told: sharing truths while minimizing harm](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/which-enslaver-stories-should-be-told-sharing-truths-while-minimizing-harm/) - Four authors discuss risks of harm, challenging family lore, importance of objectivity in unearthing, revealing, sharing stories of culpability in enslavement.
- [How one researcher used a Civil War pension application to uncover family history](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/the-power-of-uncloaking-one-soldiers-story/) - The pension application revealed that Jesse Lee, who was enslaved in Virginia, served as a bugler during the Civil War, one of 200,000 African-American soldiers
- [Why I Don't Use the n-word](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/why-i-dont-use-the-n-word/) - A California woman who descends from enslavers bans the n-word from her house.
- [A Third Way to Be a Confederate Descendant?](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/a-third-way-to-be-a-confederate-descendant/) - --By BitterSweet Editors "What if, when people picture folks with Confederate heritage, they imagine people — Black, White, and multiracial — who hold a special commitment to destroying White supremacy?" Kelly Carter Merrill, whom some of you may know through her work with David Campt and the Dialogue Company, descends from Confederate enslavers and soldiers.
- [Who Are "Linked Descendants"? *(Pinned Post)](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/who-are-linked-descendants/) - Click HERE to JOIN us. There is no cost, and you will become part of a robust, committed, like-minded community: Linked Descendants working group of Coming to the Table … (T)he great force of history comes from the fact that we carry it within us, are unconsciously controlled by it in many ways, and history is
- [The Gwynn’s Island Project Reconnects the Descendants of Black Island Families to their Roots](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/the-gwynns-island-project-reconnects-the-descendants-of-black-island-families-to-their-roots/) - Maria S. Montgomery & Allison Thomas Maria Montgomery found me on Ancestry.com in 2016. Our family trees overlap because my ancestors enslaved hers. We are “linked descendants”—cousins regardless of whether we share DNA. She asked if I had any probate records that might list people my family enslaved on Gwynn’s Island in Mathews County, Virginia,
- [Gathering African American Families' Oral Histories - The Getting Word Project: African American Stories from Monticello - Part Two of Three](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/gathering-african-american-families-oral-histories-the-getting-word-project-african-american-stories-from-monticello-part-two-of-three/) - Part 2 of the Oral History post describes the kinds of impacts that oral history research can have, regardless of the circumstances of the family whose history is being woven together. The Getting Word project’s impacts and aftermaths are an interesting story, and I hope they give you ideas for what your research might inspire
- [Gathering African American Families' Oral Histories - The Getting Word Project: African American Stories from Monticello - Part Three of Three](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/gathering-african-american-families-oral-histories-the-getting-word-project-african-american-stories-from-monticello-part-three-of-three/) - Part 3 concludes this blog series on conducting oral history research through the story of the Getting Word project. If you want to know more about the project and the historians, you can find it on the Getting Word web pages and in the books and online publications of the historians profiled in this part.
- [Gathering African American Families' Oral Histories - The Getting Word Project: African American Stories from Monticello - Part One of Three](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/gathering-african-american-families-oral-histories-the-getting-word-project-african-american-stories-from-monticello-part-one-of-three/) - So many of us want to know our ancestors’ stories and find out more about where we’ve come from. DNA research has advanced our ability to find and learn about our family members to an extraordinary extent, but family stories are still a basic piece of the work. Because of my involvement in several projects
- [Linked Through Slavery--The Last Furman Slave Owner](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/linked-through-slavery-the-last-furman-slave-owner/) - This is the final post in my series of three on the connection of my father’s family to slavery —a 110-year legacy— and my search for African American descendants whose ancestors toiled on my family’s plantations in South Carolina. This post takes us to the Civil War and my 5th great grandfather, James C. Furman.
- [Southern Bells](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/southern-bells/) - Elizabeth Avery Thomas ponders her family legacy as a descendant of enslavers through a technique called speculative nonfiction. As she writes at the close of this piece, 'In my current work, exploring Southern history through the lens of my family, the accepted “facts” I’ve inherited are self-justifying fictions. Since the lives of the non-literate Native
- [The Crime of My Life -- Investigating an Old Family Crime with Contemporary Implications](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/the-crime-of-my-life-investigating-an-old-family-crime-with-contemporary-implications/) - Although Baynard Woods is an accomplished journalist, we first came across his name in a piece he wrote for the Washington Post called “My name is a Confederate monument, so I cross it out when I write it.” Woods asks, how do you dismantle a name? He writes, “I quickly realized that, though I could no
- [Visualizing Our Histories, Our Stories -- Part 5](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/visualizing-our-histories-our-stories-part-5/) - This is the final post in our series that started in 2021, where we share artwork and writeups of the creative process, from our Linked Descendants’ working group members. Some of us have begun to explore our thoughts, feelings and the multi-layered experience of finding our ancestors, through collage work. We created collages on our
- [If Healing is to Happen, We Can't Let the Sore Fester: an interview with Beverly Bevel](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/interview-with-beverly-bevel/) - BitterSweet talked with CTTT member Beverly Bevel about her experiences researching her enslaved and enslaver ancestors. In 2019, Beverly founded “The Lewellen Project,” a non-profit organization with the mission to provide leadership, resources, and a supportive environment for all who wish to facilitate racial reconciliation. She and other Lewellen descendants are also working to rescue
- [Visualizing Our Histories, Our Stories -- Part 4](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/visualizing-our-histories-our-stories-part-4/) - We are continuing our series, and will be sharing artwork and writeups of the creative process, from our Linked Descendants’ working group members. Some of us have begun to explore our thoughts, feelings and the multi-layered experience of finding our ancestors, through collage work. We created collages on our own using a specific framework as
- [Contacting and Connecting with Linked Descendants Presentation Video](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/contacting-and-connecting-with-linked-descendants-presentation-video/) - On October 24, 2021, the Linked Descendants group of Coming to the Table hosted a panel on Contacting and Connecting with Linked Descendants. The panelists included four linked pairs (the descendants of enslaved people are listed first): Ella Honesty and Tim Kilby; Jimmie Lee Kirkpatrick and De Kirkpatrick; Meredith Coleman McGee and Suzanne Campbell Lowe;
- [A Family Tree With Roots Deep In Slavery](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/a-family-tree-with-roots-deep-in-slavery/) - Originally published on NPR's Code Switch in November 2018, Nabil Ayers' story about discovering his family history, his connections to slavery, and developing a relationship with a linked descendant is only the beginning. Stay tuned for his upcoming memoir due to be released in June of this year. . "This story played out in the
- [Visualizing Our Histories, Our Stories -- Part 3](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/visualizing-our-histories-our-stories-part-3/) - In this series, over the next several months, we will be sharing artwork and brief writeups of the creative process, from our Linked Descendants working group members. Some of us have begun to explore our thoughts, feelings and the multi-layered experience of finding our ancestors, through collage work. We created collages on our own using
- [Visualizing Our Histories, Our Stories -- Part 2](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/visualizing-our-histories-our-stories-part-2/) - We are continuing our series over the next several months, and will be sharing artwork and writeups of the creative process, from our Linked Descendants' working group members. Some of us have begun to explore our thoughts, feelings and the multi-layered experience of finding our ancestors, through collage work. We created collages on our own
- [Our Caribbean Kin](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/transcolonial/) - “Transcolonial kinship narratives seek to transform exploitative and dehumanizing social relations that characterized the European invasion of the Americas, and Eurocentric understandings of history, knowledge, power, citizenship, and humanity.” (Reyes-Santos, Our Caribbean Kin, pg. 8, 2015 ) I sit here in Harlem, New York, meditating on the healing potential of bringing “linked descendants” together at the
- [There is a Little Bit of Me in a Little Bit of You -- A Black Woman Explains to a White Man . . . .  "We Are Kin by Blood and Slavery"](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/little-bit-of-me/) - My great grandfather, Jeremiah Turner (1840-1917), was born in slavery. Our family history explained 'Jery' was the slave son of Squire Turner (1793-1871), of Richmond, Kentucky. Jeremiah Turner was assuredly Squire Turner's property when, in 1864, he made a bid for freedom, by joining the 12th Heavy Artillery Regiment of the United States Colored Troops. Even following his
- [History Comes ‘Round Midnight](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/history-comes-round-midnight/) - In the beginning, the history wanted me more than I wanted the history. It came for me as a brown grandchild kept secret from her racist great grandmother, as nightmares that sent me screaming through the house, as a near midnight ghost at the end of my bed. Go home. Find out what happened, said
- [Visualizing Our Histories, Our Stories -- Part 1](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/visualizing-our-histories-our-stories-part-1/) - In this series, over the next several months, we will be sharing artwork and brief writeups of the creative process, from our Linked Descendants working group members. Some of us have begun to explore our thoughts, feelings and the multi-layered experience of finding our ancestors, through collage work. We created collages on our own using
- ["There was Nothing We Could Do About it"](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/there-was-nothing-we-could-do-about-it/) - Violet Craig Turner (1828-1906) When I was a child, Uncle George's stories and the serious inflection in his voice always commanded my attention. He frequently told me about my maternal great-grandmother, Violet Craig Turner, who had been enslaved until 1865 by W. P. Wallingford from Platte County, Missouri. Uncle George was my mother’s
- [Cast In Bronze](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/cast-in-bronze/) - — By Trina Michelle Robinson I’ve always been fascinated by migration stories. Hearing the details about why a person left the place of their birth to settle somewhere new always satisfied my love of storytelling and origin stories. Perhaps I was pulled into these tales because I was unknowingly trying to fill a void in
- [By and By](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/by-and-by/) - A poem by Michael Nelder Michael Nelder read this poem at the All Saints Church in Pasadena, CA on Sunday, May 23, 2021, as part of a Poetry Slam honoring the one year anniversary of the murder of George Floyd. In the church I grew up in when we’d hear of an injustice so
- [Cousins Across the Color Line, by Tess Taylor](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/cousins-across-the-color-line-by-tess-taylor-2/) - Check out this article in the NYTimes blog "Opinionator" Jan 22 and Tess Taylor's new book. It's totally relevant to us! Click here for article.
- [Moved to Tears](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/moved-to-tears/) - Eva Robinson Taylor, courtesy Gayle Jessup White When I read Gayle Jessup White's essay in a recent post on "The Root," I had such strong identification with it that I was moved to tears: Like most African Americans, oral history is my primary source for deep family roots. There are no birth certificates, marriage licenses
- [To Honor the Dishonorable](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/to-honordishonorable/) - There is a problem I have been wrestling with for many years. One of the refrains I hear over and over among people working for racial reconciliation is the necessity of honoring the ancestors and the insistence that the ancestors are helping us in our work, especially in the unraveling the intricacies of enslavement and
- [Meeting Mrs. Jones](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/meeting-mrs-jones/) - I’ve been avoiding writing for this blog, because I thought I have not been able to find any linked descendants. But thinking about it a few weeks ago, I realized that is not true, though I was far too young to realize the importance of the meeting. The story begins in Richmond, VA, in 1860.
- [Remembering Our Enslaver Ancestors: Which Facts Define Them? A Look at the Differing Viewpoints of the Descendants](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/remembering-our-enslaver-ancestors-which-facts-define-them-a-look-at-the-differing-viewpoints-of-the-descendants/) - John Tyler In December 2020, Eric Kolenich of the Richmond Times-Dispatch interviewed several descendants of President John Tyler. He was prompted to write about them and their ancestor when John Tyler Community College began to consider changing its name, and his conversations with members of the Tyler family highlight the issue of how descendants of
- [Bittersweet Memories](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/bittersweet-memories/) - When I was a small child, there was an old woman I remember seeing when we visited my grandfather’s house on the Southside of Chicago. She was extremely quiet, very tall (although slumped with age), with light brown skin and braided hair. My mother told me she was more than 100 years old. It was
- [BLACK RUG/WHITE RUG; A DIALOGUE AMONG THREE LINKED ANCESTORS](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/black-rugwhite-rug-a-dialogue-among-three-linked-ancestors/) - By Joyceann Gray, Sarah Brown and Monique Hopkins Joyceann Gray, Monique Crippen-Hopkins and Sarah Brown are “linked through slavery”. Joyceann and Monique’s ancestors were enslaved by Sarah’s ancestors, the Washington family. When Sarah published her most recent post, about her connection with Monique’s family, Joyceann spoke out about her feelings about the piece. The three
- [I Can't Hide Mine, Please Don't Hide Yours: An Open Letter to Ben Affleck](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/i-cant-hide-mine-please-dont-hide-yours-an-open-letter-to-ben-affleck/) - "We need formerly slaveholding families to come to the fore, not hide." Amen, my brother Michael. View Michael W. Twitty's original post
- [When Places Wrap Us Together](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/when-places-wrap-us-together/) - As our car turns down the lane, I flash back to Mom in the driver’s seat, the blue Nissan van idling beneath us as we wait for the yellow behemoth of a school bus to mount the hill in the sunrise hour. It’s too far to walk to catch the bus, so Mom drops us
- [Rewriting History](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/rewriting-history/) - Betty Kilby was nine years old when the Supreme Court handed down the Brown versus Board of Education decision that declared segregation in schools illegal in 1954. Four years later, her father and the NAACP filed suit against the school board of Warren County, Virginia to allow Betty and other black plaintiffs the right to
- [Just Like Family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/just-like-family/) - In the blog BitterSweet: Linked Through Slavery, we primarily focus on linked relationships between black and white people connected through US slavery—those descended from enslaved people or slaveholders who are linked by virtue of time, place or genetics. Finding a linked descendant from before the Civil War is powerful and empowering. We place a high
- [End of the list](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/end-of-the-list/) - The Leffingwell House in Norwich, Connecticut A blessing of tracing genealogy back to colonial America is that so much of its documentary history has been so richly excerpted in published histories or reproduced in full in a variety of formats that it’s not always necessary to seek out the original sources. And of course, the
- [Talking About Slavery TODAY](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/talking-about-slavery-today/) - BitterSweet: Linked Through Slavery is trying an alternative form of posting. For the first time, we offer a compilation of five people’s responses to a single question. We hope you enjoy the post, give it comments, and feel inspired to respond to the next question. Note: The authors’ names are shown as they requested. Question: Why
- [BLEAK HOUSE - LINKED FIRST BY PLACE, THEN BY HEART (2)](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/bleak-house-linked-first-by-place-then-by-heart-2/) - Part 2 – Finding the Descendants of the Bleak House Community Part 1 narrated what happened when Alice and Jon Cannon bought Bleak House, the remnant of Bleak House Plantation, and then found a book with the names of its enslaved residents. Alice was galvanized into learning about those people and finding their descendants. Part
- [BLEAK HOUSE - LINKED FIRST BY PLACE, THEN BY HEART (3)](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/bleak-house-linked-first-by-place-then-by-heart-3/) - Part 3 – Connecting with the Descendants of the Bleak House African American Community Part 1 narrated what happened when Alice and Jon Cannon bought Bleak House, the remnant of Bleak House Plantation, and then found a book with the names of its enslaved residents. Alice was galvanized into learning about those people and finding
- [BLEAK HOUSE - LINKED FIRST BY PLACE, THEN BY HEART (1)](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/bleak-house-linked-first-by-place-then-by-heart-1/) - Part 1 - Finding the House, Looking for the People At the Telling the History of Slavery conference, the woman I sat next to looked to be about my age, and like most of the attendees, not someone I knew. We introduced ourselves before the speakers began, and at the first break, shared more information.
- [Saving Slave Cemeteries](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/saving-slave-cemeteries/) - Cemeteries are protected spaces. But in order for those spaces to be protected, they have to be identified. Sadly, for many reasons, many slave cemeteries are not identified, and thus, they are particularly vulnerable to destruction. Even more sadly, on occasion, slave cemeteries are the targets of destruction because they stand in the way of
- [Repairing the Breach of Slavery](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/repairing-the-breach-of-slavery/) - What Linked Descendants Say About Making Connections Across the Divide Reflections provided by participants of the December 2015 Coming to the Table conference call. Post co-authored by Sharon Morgan, Our Black Ancestry, & Prinny Anderson, Linked Descendants. If you could have a conversation with a descendant of the people who owned your ancestors, or
- [Science May Enable Reparations](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/science-may-enable-reparations/) - Reviewing a Book Review A few days ago, I got an email from a friend who has become a leader in the field of researching African American family histories, up to and beyond the “brick walls” of slave lists that do not give names and the unwritten records of births, deaths and marriages. This email
- [Being Linked Through Slavery Means ...](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/being-linked-through-slavery-means/) - Being a “linked descendant” puts racism and white privilege in a harsh light for me. It makes speaking out honestly about the legacy of slavery a personal and family imperative. I always knew that my mother’s ancestral roots went back to at least one plantation-owning Virginia family, but not until well into adulthood did I
- [Remembering their names](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/remembering-their-names/) - When I joined Coming To The Table over two years ago, I began a journey—a journey into the lives and times of my slave-holding ancestors and, most important for me, into the lives of the people they had enslaved. Taken together, we call ourselves linked descendants. Along the way, I have participated in discussions with
- [What Do We Want to Say?](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/what-do-we-want-to-say/) - The Storytellers of BitterSweet have wide-ranging conversations and share stories on many topics, and we imagine that our readers and guest contributors will expand the exchange with new topics and themes. Our stories touch on all periods in U.S. history, from the arrival of Europeans and then of enslaved Africans in North America in the
- [No Account For It](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/account/) - While drafting the post Half-white Slaves of Aristocratic Masters at my blog, I acknowledged that Edward Ball, in his text, The Sweet Hell Inside: The Rise of an Elite Black Family in the Segregated South, employs the term 'concubines' to describe intimate, long-term relationships between master and female slaves. It was a theme I followed up, at the post These Negroes
- [Slave Descendant Unites With Plantation Owner for Heartwarming Dinner 181 Years After Families Lived There](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/slave-descendant-unites-with-plantation-owner-for-heartwarming-dinner-181-years-after-families-lived-there/) - From South Carolina, my sister sends me this link about descendants of enslaved people and enslavers who come together at Wavering Place Plantation in Hopkins, SC. I am gratified that these reunions of linked descendants seem to be happening more and more, as it promises additional conversations about the possibility of transformation and reconciliation. I will
- [Is Genealogy Racist?](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/is-genealogy-racist/) - “Is genealogy racist?" I typed into the search engine. I had just received results from an ancestry DNA test. No surprises there --- 99.9% northwestern European genetic heritage. I immediately wondered how many neo-Nazis use DNA tests to reinforce racism and claim racial purity. As I typed my question in to the search engine that day, I was excited to find Coming to the Table. But it didn’t seem to apply to me. I come from a lower middle-class background: my ancestors were preachers, teachers, and laborers. None of my ancestors were slaveholders! I later learned that I was wrong. Months later, once I knew where and how to look, I did discover slaveholding ancestors --- among my working-class northern ancestors! But I didn't make that discovery that day.
- [You Owe Me What was Always Mine](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/you-owe-me-what-was-always-mine/) - “You owe me what was always mine” is the title of Briayna Cuffie’s latest blog post on reparations4slavery.com. She is speaking to enslavers whose family records, letters, journals, photos, plantation accounts, etc. contain valuable information about the men, women, and children they enslaved. “Somewhere between my first maternal ancestor being stolen from her Tikar kin
- [The Furman Slave Legacy Continues](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/the-furman-legacy-continues-part-ii/) - In my previous post about the Furman family's slave legacy, I wrote about my first ancestor in South Carolina, Wood Furman, and his connection to slavery. In this post, I write about Wood Furman’s son, Richard Furman (my sixth great grandfather), and his life as a Baptist minister and a slave owner. I’m also pleased
- [Up in Smoke: Slavery Researchers Decry Burning of Historical Records](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/up-in-smoke-slavery-researchers-decry-burning-of-historical-records/) - - by Pam Smith Posted on January 10, 2014 by psmith30 (Post first written on January 4, 2014) I am fighting back tears and my stomach is in knots. Most people probably wouldn’t have a physical reaction like this upon learning that 100 boxes of historical documents in Franklin County, North Carolina dating from 1840
- [Linked to Llewellyn](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/linked-to-llewellyn-2/) - This is my first post to BitterSweet: Linked Through Slavery, and I wanted to briefly introduce myself. My name is Felicia Furman. I’m a white, middle-aged media maker from a privileged family. My ancestors owned a plantation called Woodlands and still owns most of this land today. I am linked to many descendants of enslaved

## Pages

- [Home](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/) - BitterSweet looks at the history of enslavement in the U.S. Written by members of Coming to the Table, it reflects on slavery's present-day legacy.
- [Write With Us](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/write-with-us/) - We Are Excited To See What You Are Creating. We welcome individual writers from all backgrounds, and are looking for 1000-word short stories, essays, poetry, book or film reviews, interviews, introductions to relevant websites. We would also love to hear from people together, pairs who are linked through slavery. Here is all
- [Writing Pods](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/writing-pods/) - Are you interested in a Linked Descendants Writing Pod? Many emotions arise when we research our enslaved and enslaver ancestors. One way to process these emotions, and the new material being excavated in our family histories, is to write: just for yourself, or for your family, for our BitterSweet community, or for a broader
- [Resources](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/resources/) - Writing About Family History: Resources (*For genealogy resources formerly listed here, please find them now on the Coming to the Table site) The Language We Writers Use Matters (many resources embedded in this document) The Importance of Oral History in Tracing African American Lineage Dionne Ford’s memior, Go Back And Get It; A
- [Contact Us](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/contact-us/) - Contact Us – You may reach the BitterSweet team by filling out the form below. Inquiries about writing for BitterSweet will also reach us from here. You may also email us directly: LinkedThroughSlavery@gmail.com. Comments under each post will be forwarded to the author. We look forward to hearing from you! Subscribe to BitterSweet Stories Please
- [Subscribe](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/subscribe/) - Subscribe to Our Stories Subscribe by sending us your email, and we’ll notify you when new posts are up! Leave this field empty if you're human:
- [About Us](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/about-us/) - BitterSweet: Linked Through Slavery is a working group of writers and readers who are members of the Linked Descendants working group of Coming to the Table (CTTT). We bring a passionate commitment to looking deeply at the truth of the history of enslavement at the heart of the founding of the United States, facing the
- [Frequently Asked Questions -- FAQ](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/frequently-asked-questions-faq/) - Frequently Asked Questions Topics We’d Love To See If you are wondering what subject matter is appropriate for BitterSweet, here are some examples of topics addressed in existing posts: Contact, Connection & Relationships among linked descendants. Discovery & Impact of finding details of family history, documentation, linked descendants. Healing, Repair & Action taken
- [Original BitterSweet Storytellers](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/original-storytellers/) - BitterSweet was started by an energetic team of Coming to the Table members with stories to tell about their families linked to and through slavery; stories of research, discovery, initial contacts, connections and relationships. Their bios appear below. Original Storyteller, BitterSweet Sustainer Prinny Anderson -Ties to the Hemings & Jeffersons: My mother’s family goes back
- [Donate](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/donate-2/) - BitterSweet: Linked Through Slavery is a blog authored by members of the non-profit, 501(c)(3) organization, Coming to the Table (CTTT). CTTT was founded by descendants of both enslavers and enslaved people in partnership with the Center for Justice & Peacebuilding at Eastern Mennonite University in Harrisonburg, Virginia. We are inspired by the vision of Rev.
- [Gallery](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/gallery/) - 2013 National Gathering, Richmond, Virginia Photo: Jane Feldman Martin Luther King, Jr.

## Categories

- [Research & Finding Documents](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/category/research-finding-documents/) - Stories of documents lost and found, of the research journey & the various methods used
- [Healing, Repair & Action](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/category/healing-repair-action/) - Narratives about personal acknowledgements, apologies, healing, reparations and personal or public activism.
- [History, Culture, People, Places & Events](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/category/history-culture-people-places-events/) - Focus on specific historical stories, cultures, people, and the power of places & spaces
- [Linked Descendants](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/category/linked-descendants/) - Stories about descendants of enslavers and enslaved connecting & learning more about their shared history.
- [Slavery & Its Legacies](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/category/slavery-its-legacies/) - General & individual narratives of slavery. Stories of historic harms & institutional racism. Telling the truth about slavery.

## Tags

- ["Nursing" & Parenting](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/nursing-parenting/)
- ["Side" & Linked Families](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/side-linked-families/)
- [23rd Colored Infantry](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/23rd-colored-infantry/)
- [Aaron Dixon](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/aaron-dixon/)
- [Abolitionist](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/abolitionist/)
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- [black domestics](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/black-domestics/)
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- [Bracketts Farm](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/bracketts-farm/)
- [Brattonsville. Tuskegee University. Family history. Bratton family.](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/brattonsville-tuskegee-university-family-history-bratton-family/)
- [Bushnell family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/bushnell-family/)
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- [Charles Town WV.](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/charles-town-wv/)
- [Charleston](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/charleston/)
- [Charlestown W.V.](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/charlestown-w-v/)
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- [Claymont Court](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/claymont-court/)
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- [Coercion](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/coercion/)
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- [Columbus Georgia](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/columbus-georgia/)
- [Coming to the Table](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/coming-to-the-table/)
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- [Concubinage](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/concubinage/)
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- [Connections](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/connections/)
- [Contention](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/contention/)
- [Conversations](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/conversations/)
- [Cooperation: Assistance](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/cooperation-assistance/)
- [Cotton Club](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/cotton-club/)
- [Creole Serenaders](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/creole-serenaders/)
- [cross-racial communication](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/cross-racial-communication/)
- [David French](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/david-french/)
- [Denmark Vesey](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/denmark-vesey/)
- [Dialogue](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/dialogue/)
- [Dianne Swann-Wright](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/dianne-swann-wright/)
- [diaspora](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/diaspora/)
- [DNA](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/dna/)
- [Dolly Jones](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/dolly-jones/)
- [dominance](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/dominance/)
- [Dora Bates Owens](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/dora-bates-owens/)
- [Dr. James B. Rogers](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/dr-james-b-rogers/)
- [Dr. Samuel Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/dr-samuel-furman/)
- [Dr. Solomon H. Thompson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/dr-solomon-h-thompson/)
- [Drock family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/drock-family/)
- [Earlysville VA](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/earlysville-va/)
- [economic cornerstone](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/economic-cornerstone/)
- [Ed Ownens](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ed-ownens/)
- [Elizabeth Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/elizabeth-evans/)
- [Ella Harriet Batles](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ella-harriet-batles/)
- [Emma Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/emma-furman/)
- [enslaved Africans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/enslaved-africans/)
- [Enslaved People](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/enslaved-people/)
- [Enslavement](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/enslavement/)
- [enslaver](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/enslaver/)
- [Equality](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/equality/)
- [Erlanger Historical Society](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/erlanger-historical-society/)
- [Essie Bates Perrin](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/essie-bates-perrin/)
- [Europe](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/europe/)
- [Europeans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/europeans/)
- [Evans family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/evans-family/)
- [exploitation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/exploitation/)
- [expropriation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/expropriation/)
- [Fairfield County](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/fairfield-county/)
- [family connection](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/family-connection/)
- [family history](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/family-history/)
- [farming families](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/farming-families/)
- [farms](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/farms/)
- [Felicia Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/felicia-furman/)
- [Fortune Thompson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/fortune-thompson/)
- [Fossett](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/fossett/)
- [Franklin County](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/franklin-county/)
- [Free People of Color](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/free-people-of-color/)
- [Front Royal VA](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/front-royal-va/)
- [Furman University](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/furman-university/)
- [Gather at the Table](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/gather-at-the-table/)
- [genealogy](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/genealogy/)
- [generations](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/generations/)
- [George Cader Powell](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/george-cader-powell/)
- [George Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/george-furman/)
- [George Hatter](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/george-hatter/)
- [George Washington](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/george-washington/)
- [Georgia](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/georgia/)
- [Getting Word](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/getting-word/)
- [Glasgow](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/glasgow/)
- [graveyard](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/graveyard/)
- [Greenville SC](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/greenville-sc/)
- [Gwynn's Island](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/gwynns-island/)
- [Hampton](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/hampton/)
- [Haney Richardson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/haney-richardson/)
- [Hannah Wood](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/hannah-wood/)
- [Harlem](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/harlem/)
- [Harper's Ferry](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/harpers-ferry/)
- [Harriet Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/harriet-evans/)
- [Harris County Georgia](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/harris-county-georgia/)
- [Hemings](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/hemings/)
- [Henry J. Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/henry-j-furman/)
- [Herbert Perrin](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/herbert-perrin/)
- [Heritage Society of Franklin County](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/heritage-society-of-franklin-county/)
- [House Slaves / Field Slaves](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/house-slaves-field-slaves/)
- [households](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/households/)
- [HR 40](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/hr-40/)
- [I.K. Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/i-k-furman/)
- [identity](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/identity/)
- [integrated American history](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/integrated-american-history/)
- [inter-racial friendship](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/inter-racial-friendship/)
- [interviewing](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/interviewing/)
- [inventory](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/inventory/)
- [Isaac Collier](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/isaac-collier/)
- [J>K> Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jk-furman/)
- [Jackson family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jackson-family/)
- [James A. Rogers](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/james-a-rogers/)
- [James B. Rogers](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/james-b-rogers/)
- [James C. Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/james-c-furman/)
- [James Fisher](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/james-fisher/)
- [James Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/james-furman/)
- [James Henry Smith](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/james-henry-smith/)
- [James Kilby](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/james-kilby/)
- [James Montgomery](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/james-montgomery/)
- [James Taylor](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/james-taylor/)
- [Jasper Thompson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jasper-thompson/)
- [jazz](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jazz/)
- [Jefferson County W.V.](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jefferson-county-w-v/)
- [Jefferson family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jefferson-family/)
- [Jennifer Morgan](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jennifer-morgan/)
- [Jeremiah Turner](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jeremiah-turner/)
- [Jim Crow](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jim-crow/)
- [Jim Crow Segregation (1890- 1955)](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jim-crow-segregation-1890-1955/)
- [Jim Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jim-evans/)
- [Jinny](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jinny/)
- [John Brown](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/john-brown/)
- [John Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/john-furman/)
- [John Powell](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/john-powell/)
- [John Tyler](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/john-tyler/)
- [John Woodfolk](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/john-woodfolk/)
- [Joseph Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/joseph-evans/)
- [Joyceann Gray](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/joyceann-gray/)
- [Just Like Family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/just-like-family/)
- [Justice](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/justice/)
- [Justice Bushrod Washington](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/justice-bushrod-washington/)
- [Kansas City](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/kansas-city/)
- [Kenton County Kentucky](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/kenton-county-kentucky/)
- [Kentucky](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/kentucky/)
- [Kilby Drive](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/kilby-drive/)
- [KY](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ky/)
- [Labor](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/labor/)
- [land theft](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/land-theft/)
- [Legacy of Resistance](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/legacy-of-resistance/)
- [legacy of slavery](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/legacy-of-slavery/)
- [Leslie family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/leslie-family/)
- [Lewis Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/lewis-evans/)
- [Liddie Bates](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/liddie-bates/)
- [Link Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/link-evans/)
- [linked descendants](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/linked-descendants/)
- [linked families](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/linked-families/)
- [Longwood Plantation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/longwood-plantation/)
- [Louis Armstrong](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/louis-armstrong/)
- [Louisa County Virginia](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/louisa-county-virginia/)
- [Louisiana](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/louisiana/)
- [Lucia Stanton](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/lucia-stanton/)
- [Lydia Saunders Taylor](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/lydia-saunders-taylor/)
- [lynching](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/lynching/)
- [mammy stereotypes](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mammy-stereotypes/)
- [Marcia Lovett](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/marcia-lovett/)
- [Margaret Wood Rogers](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/margaret-wood-rogers/)
- [Maria A Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/maria-a-furman/)
- [Maria Montgomery](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/maria-montgomery/)
- [Mariah Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mariah-evans/)
- [Mariah Wood](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mariah-wood/)
- [Marinda Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/marinda-evans/)
- [Marshall Bates](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/marshall-bates/)
- [Martha French](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/martha-french/)
- [Martin French](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/martin-french/)
- [Mary Evans Ray](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mary-evans-ray/)
- [Mary T. Edwards](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mary-t-edwards/)
- [Mary T. Hudgins](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mary-t-hudgins/)
- [Mary Tompkins Hunley](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mary-tompkins-hunley/)
- [Maryland](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/maryland/)
- [Mathews County](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mathews-county/)
- [meaning of linked ancestry](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/meaning-of-linked-ancestry/)
- [migration](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/migration/)
- [Missouri](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/missouri/)
- [MO](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mo/)
- [Moll](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/moll/)
- [Monique Crippen-Hopkins](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/monique-crippen-hopkins/)
- [Montgomery County Historical Society](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/montgomery-county-historical-society/)
- [Montgomery County Kentucky](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/montgomery-county-kentucky/)
- [Monticello.](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/monticello/)
- [moral crime](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/moral-crime/)
- [Mount Sterling Kentucky](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mount-sterling-kentucky/)
- [Mount Vernon](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mount-vernon/)
- [Nat Bates](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/nat-bates/)
- [Nathaniel "Link" Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/nathaniel-link-evans/)
- [Nathaniel Washington](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/nathaniel-washington/)
- [National Museum of African American History and Culture](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/national-museum-of-african-american-history-and-culture/)
- [Nelson Woodfolk](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/nelson-woodfolk/)
- [New England](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/new-england/)
- [New Orleans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/new-orleans/)
- [News Media](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/news-media/)
- [non-slaveholding](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/non-slaveholding/)
- [Non-Slaveholding Whites](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/non-slaveholding-whites/)
- [North America](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/north-america/)
- [North Carolina records destroyed](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/north-carolina-records-destroyed/)
- [Norwich](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/norwich/)
- [obituaries](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/obituaries/)
- [official records](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/official-records/)
- [Ohio](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ohio/)
- [oral history](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/oral-history/)
- [Our Black Ancestry](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/our-black-ancestry/)
- [paternalism](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/paternalism/)
- [patriarchal system](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/patriarchal-system/)
- [Perkins Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/perkins-evans/)
- [Philosophical Culture](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/philosophical-culture/) - Influences of belief systems.
- [Phoebe Kilby](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/phoebe-kilby/)
- [photographs](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/photographs/)
- [Piron](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/piron/)
- [Plantations](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/plantations/)
- [Platte County](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/platte-county/)
- [Poplar Forest](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/poplar-forest/)
- [Population Schedule](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/population-schedule/)
- [Powell](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/powell/)
- [Power](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/power/)
- [prejudice](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/prejudice/)
- [Prince Taylor](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/prince-taylor/)
- [private property](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/private-property/)
- [pro-slavery arguments](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/pro-slavery-arguments/)
- [profit](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/profit/)
- [Providence](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/providence/)
- [Puerto Rico](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/puerto-rico/)
- [Punishment & Sale](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/punishment-sale/)
- [Quarles](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/quarles/)
- [racial reconciliation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/racial-reconciliation/)
- [Racism](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/racism/)
- [Randolph County](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/randolph-county/)
- [rape](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/rape/)
- [raped.](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/raped/)
- [Rappahannock County](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/rappahannock-county/)
- [Reconciliation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/reconciliation/)
- [Reconstruction/”Redemption” (1866- 1890)](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/reconstruction-redemption-1866-1890/)
- [Reed family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/reed-family/)
- [Rep. John Conyers](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/rep-john-conyers/)
- [Reparations](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/reparations/)
- [Reuben Hatter](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/reuben-hatter/)
- [Reunions](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/reunions/)
- [Ria Bates](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ria-bates/)
- [Richard Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/richard-furman/)
- [Rights of Man](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/rights-of-man/)
- [Roseland Ballroom](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/roseland-ballroom/)
- [Ross EVans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ross-evans/)
- [Rueben Hatter](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/rueben-hatter/)
- [Sabotage & Resistance](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sabotage-resistance/)
- [saleable human beings](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/saleable-human-beings/)
- [same-sex](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/same-sex/)
- [Samuel Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/samuel-furman/)
- [Sarah Belle Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sarah-belle-evans/)
- [Sarah Brown](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sarah-brown/)
- [Sarah Haynsworth](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sarah-haynsworth/)
- [school-to-prison-pipeline](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/school-to-prison-pipeline/)
- [Scott](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/scott/)
- [segregation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/segregation/)
- [Sex & Concubinage](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sex-concubinage/)
- [Sexism](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sexism/)
- [Sharon Morgan](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sharon-morgan/)
- [Sherwood Forest VA](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sherwood-forest-va/)
- [Sirrah](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sirrah/)
- [slave cemeteries](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slave-cemeteries/)
- [Slave Code](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slave-code/)
- [Slave dwellings](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slave-dwellings/)
- [slave market](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slave-market/)
- [Slave Schedule](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slave-schedule/)
- [Slave Trader](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slave-trader/)
- [Slaveholders](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slaveholders/)
- [slaveholding](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slaveholding/)
- [Slaveholding (1780 -1865)](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slaveholding-1780-1865/)
- [Slavery](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slavery/)
- [Smith Bates](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/smith-bates/)
- [social bondage](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/social-bondage/)
- [sociology](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sociology/)
- [Solomon Thompson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/solomon-thompson/)
- [South Carolina](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/south-carolina/)
- [Squire Turner](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/squire-turner/)
- [Status](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/status/)
- [Storer College](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/storer-college/)
- [Sumter County](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sumter-county/)
- [Talcott WV](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/talcott-wv/)
- [Tempy Burton](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tempy-burton/)
- [The Social Life of DNA](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/the-social-life-of-dna/)
- [Thomas Bates](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/thomas-bates/)
- [Thomas Blackburn Washington](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/thomas-blackburn-washington/)
- [Thomas F. Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/thomas-f-furman/)
- [Thomas Paine](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/thomas-paine/)
- [Thornton Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/thornton-evans/)
- [Transformation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/transformation/)
- [Trina Roach](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/trina-roach/)
- [Tunisia](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tunisia/)
- [Tyler descendants](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tyler-descendants/)
- [U.S. Census](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/u-s-census/)
- [United States](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/united-states/)
- [unmarked grave](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/unmarked-grave/)
- [VA](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/va/)
- [Viola Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/viola-furman/)
- [Violet Craig Turner](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/violet-craig-turner/)
- [Virginia](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/virginia/)
- [W.P. Wallingford](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/w-p-wallingford/)
- [Warren County High School](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/warren-county-high-school/)
- [Watson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/watson/)
- [Wavering Place Plantation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/wavering-place-plantation/)
- [West Virginia](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/west-virginia/)
- [Whipps family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/whipps-family/)
- [white domination](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/white-domination/)
- [white privelege](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/white-privelege/)
- [white privilege](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/white-privilege/)
- [whiteness](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/whiteness/)
- [Whitney Plantation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/whitney-plantation/)
- [William Bernard Evans](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/william-bernard-evans/)
- [William Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/william-furman/)
- [William Gilmore Simms](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/william-gilmore-simms/)
- [William Michie](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/william-michie/)
- [William Smith](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/william-smith/)
- [Williams family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/williams-family/)
- [Willie Bates](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/willie-bates/)
- [Winnie Bates](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/winnie-bates/)
- [Wit Will and Walls](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/wit-will-and-walls/)
- [women’s lives](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/womens-lives/)
- [Wood Furman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/wood-furman/)
- [Woodfolk family](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/woodfolk-family/)
- [Tulsa Massacre](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tulsa-massacre/)
- [Greenwood](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/greenwood/)
- [Ottawa W. Gurley](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ottawa-w-gurley/)
- [Hilda Boulware](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/hilda-boulware/)
- [James Yates](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/james-yates/)
- [Abe Yates](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/abe-yates/)
- [Thomas Yates](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/thomas-yates/)
- [Corinth MS](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/corinth-ms/)
- [Mary Buchannon](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mary-buchannon/)
- [RobertJames](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/robertjames/)
- [John](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/john/)
- [Charles](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/charles/)
- [Yancy](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/yancy/)
- [Thomas](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/thomas/)
- [Lonnie](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/lonnie/)
- [Bettie](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/bettie/)
- [Noah](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/noah/)
- [Mary Eliza](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mary-eliza/)
- [Cornelius](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/cornelius/)
- [Fanny Horton](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/fanny-horton/)
- [Alma](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/alma/)
- [Edward](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/edward/)
- [Lucious](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/lucious/)
- [Monroe](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/monroe/)
- [Alton](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/alton/)
- [Hope](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/hope/)
- [Geraldine](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/geraldine/)
- [Tenolia](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tenolia/)
- [Black Wall Street](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/black-wall-street/)
- [John Hope Franklin Reconciliation Park](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/john-hope-franklin-reconciliation-park/)
- [Congressman Hank Johnson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/congressman-hank-johnson/)
- [Tulsa-Greenwood Massacre Claims Accountability Act](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tulsa-greenwood-massacre-claims-accountability-act/)
- [Water My Soul](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/water-my-soul/)
- [George Floyd](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/george-floyd/)
- [mass incarceration](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mass-incarceration/)
- [murder](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/murder/)
- [Michael Nelder](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/michael-nelder/)
- [poetry](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/poetry/)
- [convict leasing](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/convict-leasing/)
- [mining](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mining/)
- [Knoxville](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/knoxville/)
- [Hunt](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/hunt/)
- [Tracy City](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tracy-city/)
- [Tennessee](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tennessee/)
- [Tennessee Coal and Iron](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tennessee-coal-and-iron/)
- [O'Conner](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/oconner/)
- [Rebecca O'Conner Hunt](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/rebecca-oconner-hunt/)
- [Convict Leasing Project](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/convict-leasing-project/)
- [Moore](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/moore/)
- [John Moore](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/john-moore/)
- [Loduska Crutchfield](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/loduska-crutchfield/)
- [Gene Harrington](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/gene-harrington/)
- [Rev. Burrell Hardaway](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/rev-burrell-hardaway/)
- [Peace & Justice Memorial](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/peace-justice-memorial/)
- [Elias Fort LeFort](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/elias-fort-lefort/)
- [George Fort](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/george-fort/)
- [Elias Fort](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/elias-fort/)
- [Elias Milbry Fort](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/elias-milbry-fort/)
- [Burwell Jackson Fort](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/burwell-jackson-fort/)
- [Eliza Ann Fort](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/eliza-ann-fort/)
- [James Burwell Brown](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/james-burwell-brown/)
- [Drucilla Elizabeth Eliza Brown](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/drucilla-elizabeth-eliza-brown/)
- [Millie Norris](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/millie-norris/)
- [Cleddie Byrel Ted Elkins](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/cleddie-byrel-ted-elkins/)
- [Ted Elkins](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ted-elkins/)
- [Isle of Wight](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/isle-of-wight/)
- [Edgecombe North Carolina](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/edgecombe-north-carolina/)
- [Robertson Tennessee](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/robertson-tennessee/)
- [Meridian Mississippi](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/meridian-mississippi/)
- [Mississippi](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mississippi/)
- [Bridges Dallas Alabama](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/bridges-dallas-alabama/)
- [Pike Collin County Texas](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/pike-collin-county-texas/)
- [Coal Oklahoma](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/coal-oklahoma/)
- [Abermarle North Carolina](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/abermarle-north-carolina/)
- [Kalinago](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/kalinago/)
- [Taino](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/taino/)
- [Mattaponi](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mattaponi/)
- [Tidewater Virginia](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tidewater-virginia/)
- [Veatch](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/veatch/)
- [Frank D. Scarlett](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/frank-d-scarlett/)
- [Fanny Scarlett](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/fanny-scarlett/)
- [Francis Muir Scarlett](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/francis-muir-scarlett/)
- [Glynn County Georgia](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/glynn-county-georgia/)
- [The Wanderer](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/the-wanderer/)
- [Francis Dunham Scarlett](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/francis-dunham-scarlett/)
- [Elizabeth Masters Goslin](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/elizabeth-masters-goslin/)
- [Ninian Veatch](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ninian-veatch/)
- [Tobey](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tobey/)
- [Heyer](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/heyer/)
- [tobacco](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tobacco/)
- [Sims](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sims/)
- [Smith](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/smith/)
- [cotton](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/cotton/)
- [Mitchell](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mitchell/)
- [Arkansas](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/arkansas/)
- [Bayo Akomolafe](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/bayo-akomolafe/)
- [Montgomery Alabama](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/montgomery-alabama/)
- [Joseph](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/joseph/)
- [Biso](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/biso/)
- [Harriet](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/harriet/)
- [Mahaly](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mahaly/)
- [Henry](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/henry/)
- [Simon](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/simon/)
- [Northo](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/northo/)
- [Archy](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/archy/)
- [Squire](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/squire/)
- [Will](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/will/)
- [Ninson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ninson/)
- [Vina](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/vina/)
- [Gilsy](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/gilsy/)
- [Charity](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/charity/)
- [Juney](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/juney/)
- [Nancy](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/nancy/)
- [Girl Easter](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/girl-easter/)
- [McLemore](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mclemore/)
- [Reverend James McLemore](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/reverend-james-mclemore/)
- [Sully Plantation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sully-plantation/)
- [Chantilly Virginia](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/chantilly-virginia/)
- [John of Henry](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/john-of-henry/)
- [Sam the Blacksmith](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/sam-the-blacksmith/)
- [Nancy of Prue](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/nancy-of-prue/)
- [Old Dewey](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/old-dewey/)
- [Rachel](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/rachel/)
- [Natt](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/natt/)
- [Isaac](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/isaac/)
- [Richard Bland Lee](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/richard-bland-lee/)
- [Chinese Indentured Workers](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/chinese-indentured-workers/)
- [Le Cap](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/le-cap/)
- [Haiti](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/haiti/)
- [Louis Casimir Bailly Blanchard](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/louis-casimir-bailly-blanchard/)
- [Theodore Bailly Blanchard Jr.](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/theodore-bailly-blanchard-jr/)
- [Beverly Bevel](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/beverly-bevel/)
- [Lewellen](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/lewellen/)
- [Captain George Washington Lewellen](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/captain-george-washington-lewellen/)
- [Lewis Lewellen](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/lewis-lewellen/)
- [Tarkio](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tarkio/)
- [Lewellen-Brown-White house](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/lewellen-brown-white-house/)
- [Holly Springs Mississippi](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/holly-springs-mississippi/)
- [North Carolina](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/north-carolina/)
- [Avery](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/avery/)
- [Lemon](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/lemon/)
- [Woods](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/woods/)
- [Reconstruction](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/reconstruction/)
- [Ku Klux Klan](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ku-klux-klan/)
- [Edward S. Carter](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/edward-s-carter/)
- [Mars Hill University](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mars-hill-university/)
- [Mars Hill College](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mars-hill-college/)
- [Universities Studying Slavery](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/universities-studying-slavery/)
- [Slave Dwelling Project](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slave-dwelling-project/)
- [John Ray](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/john-ray/)
- [Clarissa Ray](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/clarissa-ray/)
- [Robert](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/robert/)
- [Emma](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/emma/)
- [Wilson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/wilson/)
- [Joe Anderson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/joe-anderson/)
- [William Keith](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/william-keith/)
- [Zebulon Vance](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/zebulon-vance/)
- [Madison County](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/madison-county/)
- [Oralene Simmons](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/oralene-simmons/)
- [Jane](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jane/)
- [Harriet Jane](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/harriet-jane/)
- [Ben](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ben/)
- [J. W. Anderson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/j-w-anderson/)
- [Birdsong](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/birdsong/)
- [Thomas Birdsong](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/thomas-birdsong/)
- [Henry Birdsong](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/henry-birdsong/)
- [Silas](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/silas/)
- [Stephen](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/stephen/)
- [Mary](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mary/)
- [Chaney](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/chaney/)
- [Viney](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/viney/)
- [Cornelia](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/cornelia/)
- [Anna](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/anna/)
- [January 10 1855](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/january-10-1855/)
- [January 10 1856](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/january-10-1856/)
- [BT Birdsong](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/bt-birdsong/)
- [HC Briggs](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/hc-briggs/)
- [Wilie](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/wilie/)
- [Nilie](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/nilie/)
- [John A Wilkinson descendant](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/john-a-wilkinson-descendant/)
- [Robert Jamison slaveholder](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/robert-jamison-slaveholder/)
- [author life](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/author-life/)
- [genealogy sleuth](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/genealogy-sleuth/)
- [the jamieson legacy](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/the-jamieson-legacy/)
- [truth is stranger than fiction](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/truth-is-stranger-than-fiction/)
- [Chickasaw Mississippi](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/chickasaw-mississippi/)
- [Wilkerson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/wilkerson/)
- [Charlotte](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/charlotte/)
- [Samuel Jamison](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/samuel-jamison/)
- [Artemisa Artie Jamison](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/artemisa-artie-jamison/)
- [William Wilkerson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/william-wilkerson/)
- [William Jamison](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/william-jamison/)
- [Samuel Wilkerson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/samuel-wilkerson/)
- [Charlotte Jamison](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/charlotte-jamison/)
- [Charlotte Wilkerson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/charlotte-wilkerson/)
- [Charlotte Wilkinson](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/charlotte-wilkinson/)
- [Clay County Mississippi](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/clay-county-mississippi/)
- [Bird Caradine enslaver](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/bird-caradine-enslaver/)
- [Cudjoe Lewis](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/cudjoe-lewis/)
- [Clotilda](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/clotilda/)
- [Africatown](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/africatown/)
- [Descendant Documentary](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/descendant-documentary/)
- [Kazoola Lewis](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/kazoola-lewis/)
- [Oluale Kossola](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/oluale-kossola/)
- [Bante](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/bante/)
- [Benin](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/benin/)
- [Mobile Alabama](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/mobile-alabama/)
- [Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/trans-atlantic-slave-trade/)
- [Plateau Cemetery](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/plateau-cemetery/)
- [Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo"](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/barracoon-the-story-of-the-last-black-cargo/)
- [Jackson MS](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/jackson-ms/)
- [Children’s March](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/childrens-march/)
- [NAACP](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/naacp/)
- [Medgar Evers](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/medgar-evers/)
- [Emmett Till](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/emmett-till/)
- [Michigan](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/michigan/)
- [The Great Migration](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/the-great-migration/)
- [Pandemic trauma](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/pandemic-trauma/)
- [Dave Dennis](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/dave-dennis/)
- [Freedom Rider](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/freedom-rider/)
- [Protest](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/protest/)
- [Demonstration](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/demonstration/)
- [Henry Louis Gates](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/henry-louis-gates/)
- [Finding Your Roots](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/finding-your-roots/)
- [PBS](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/pbs/)
- [Confederate](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/confederate/)
- [Lost Cause](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/lost-cause/)
- [Confederacy](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/confederacy/)
- [Antiracist](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/antiracist/)
- [action](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/action/)
- [healing](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/healing/)
- [pride](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/pride/)
- [shame](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/shame/)
- [enslaved](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/enslaved/)
- [slave](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slave/)
- [Scarletts](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/scarletts/)
- [Hippard](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/hippard/)
- [Brunswick](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/brunswick/)
- [slave revolt](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/slave-revolt/)
- [uprising](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/uprising/)
- [Union navy](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/union-navy/)
- [Saidya Hartman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/saidya-hartman/)
- [Claudia Rankine](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/claudia-rankine/)
- [Aurora Levins Morales](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/aurora-levins-morales/)
- [Venus in Two Acts](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/venus-in-two-acts/)
- [Historian as Curandera](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/historian-as-curandera/)
- [Racial Imaginary](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/racial-imaginary/)
- [engendered](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/engendered/)
- [US Navy](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/us-navy/)
- [Glynn County](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/glynn-county/)
- [Hepard](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/hepard/)
- [George Henry White](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/george-henry-white/)
- [Owen Gion](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/owen-gion/)
- [New Bern](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/new-bern/)
- [NC](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/nc/)
- [coup](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/coup/)
- [white supremacy](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/white-supremacy/)
- [Wilmington](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/wilmington/)
- [Fusionists](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/fusionists/)
- [Germaine Haydell](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/germaine-haydell/)
- [Y-DNA](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/y-dna/)
- [Family Tree DNA](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/family-tree-dna/)
- [Pasadena Area African American Genealogical Society (PAAAGS)](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/pasadena-area-african-american-genealogical-society-paaags/)
- [Southern California Genealogical Society (SCGS)](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/southern-california-genealogical-society-scgs/)
- [AncestryDNA](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/ancestrydna/)
- [MyHeritage](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/myheritage/)
- [23andMe](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/23andme/)
- [Evergreen Plantation](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/evergreen-plantation/)
- [S.S. Capitol](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/s-s-capitol/)
- [Fate Marabel](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/fate-marabel/)
- [Fate Marable](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/fate-marable/)
- [Germaine Haydel](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/germaine-haydel/)
- [Tranchina's](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/tranchinas/)
- [Roseland](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/roseland/)
- [Lafayette Theatre](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/lafayette-theatre/)
- [Wiencek](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/wiencek/)
- [Hairston](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/hairston/)
- [Craig](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/craig/)
- [Edith Renfrow Smith](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/edith-renfrow-smith/)
- [Grinnell College](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/grinnell-college/)
- [The Colored Women’s Club of Tacoma](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/the-colored-womens-club-of-tacoma/)
- [Asberry](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/asberry/)
- [Renfrow](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/renfrow/)
- [Kitchins](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/kitchins/)
- [Arrington](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/arrington/)
- [Scotland Neck](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/scotland-neck/)
- [Savannah](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/savannah/)
- [Quarterman](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/quarterman/)
- [Kilby](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/kilby/)
- [Hudgins](https://linkedthroughslavery.com/tag/hudgins/)